Non Tariff Barriers

NON TARIFF BARRIERS What are non tariff barriers? Non- tariff barriers are broadly defined as any impediment to trade other than tariffs. Non tariff barriers can be classified into two groups; Direct and Indirect. (a)Direct Barriers are barriers that specifically limit import of goods or services. Eg: Embargoes and quotas EMBARGOES: Embargoes are the most restrictive of the direct non tariff barriers. They are either a complete ban on trade with a foreign nation or a ban on sales or transfer of specific products. Eg: The U. S. has imposed embargoes on Afghanistan, Cuba, Iraq and Iran. QUOTAS: Quotas are a quantitative restriction on imports. They are based on either value of goods or on quantity. They can be placed on all goods of a particular kind coming from all countries, a group of countries or only one country. (b) Indirect Barriers are laws, administrative regulations, industrial/commercial practices and even social and cultural forces that either limit or discourage sale or purchase of foreign goods or services in a domestic market. To restrict imports, countries may impose monetary or exchange controls on currencies. Foreign governments can impose technical barriers to trade, for example, performance standards for products, product specifications or products safety. Eg: Japan has governmental restrictions on the use of food preservatives. It is a trade barrier in disguise, because foods without preservatives cannot be transported long distance. Import Licensing Schemes and Customs Procedures Some governments require importers to apply for permission to import products, subjecting them to complex and discriminatory requirements. It is often expensive and time-consuming. Let us look at some tariff measures that are maintained against Indian exports: 1)Country- The United States of America Product- Marine Products Non tariff barrier- Increased in-detailed inspections under the Bio-Terrorism Act. -Customs Bond requirement -Mandatory labeling discriminating ‘farm-raised’ & ‘wild’. -Punitive fines in case of non-compliance -Non-recognition of EIC certification 2)Country- Columbia Product- Pharmaceuticals Non tariff barrier – Registration by Columbian Drug Control and Certification takes 11-12 months and is very tedious. Inspections are undertaken for environmental compliance and punitive fines are levied in case of non-compliance 3)Country- Bangladesh Product- Poultry products Non tariff barrier- Bangladesh continues to ban imports of poultry products despite India gaining the ‘Avian influenza free’ status. )Country- Chile Product- Wheat, wheat flour, sugar Non tariff barrier- Complex price band system -A minimum import price (well above international and domestic prices) is stipulated. The Argentinean Customs can ask for validation of Indian Customs Invoice and a full set of original documents if they suspect that the invoiced value is less than the minimum import price established. 5)Country- China Service- Banking Non tariff barrier- China maintains a number of regulatory barriers which make investment in the banking sector very difficult. While foreign banks are allowed to open branches, regulatory treatment remains discriminatory. Branches of foreign banks are for example subject to higher capital norms than Chinese banks, which moreover are coupled with the number of their offices. Costs for establishing bank branches in China are therefore very high and foreign banks market share in China remains marginal REFERENCES International Business Law and its Environment- Richard Schaffer, Filiberto Augusti & Beverly Carle International Business- Francis Cherunilam

Out of Control Interview

Application Case – The Out-of-Control Interview 1. How would you explain the nature of the panel interview Maria had to endure? Specifically do you think it reflected a well-thought-out interviewing strategy on the part of the firm or carelessness on the part of the firm’s management? If it was carelessness, what would you do to improve the interview process at Apex Environmental? It is possible that the panel interview of Maria Fernandez at Apex International was a stress interview designed to determine how she reacts under pressure and with a barrage of irrelevant and sexist questions. However, stress interviews are viewed as unethical and of poor taste. Apparently, Apex International management was careless in its interview strategy. First, it constituted a panel of five men who maybe well acquainted with the company’s operations but could be possibly lacking in experience in HR functions, particularly in recruitment and selection. It is assumed that the HR manager or any HR specialist who could have provided structure, direction and control to the interview was not part of the panel. To address this concern, it is highly recommended that Apex International conduct trainings for interviewers in order to maximize utility of interviews as a tool at arriving at a selection decision as well as to avoid straying off course and asking questions that have potential job discrimination implications. 2. Would you take the job if you were Maria? If you’re not sure, is there any additional information that would help you make your decision, and if so, what is it? I am unsure in taking the job offer. I would take into careful consideration the company’s Code of Conduct and Ethics. Based on what happened, it appears that there are concerns on the culture of the company, particularly on sexual harassment and equality in the workplace. Questions asked during the panel interview indicate loose policies on sexual harassment. While interviews are primarily designed to find out if the job applicant has the experience and skills needed for the position, it could also be a tool for the company to emphasize its culture, leadership, among others. . The job of applications engineer for which Maria was applying requires: (a) excellent technical skills with respect to mechanical engineering; (b) commitment to working in the area of pollution control; (c) the ability to deal well and confidently with customers who have engineering problems; (d) willingness to travel worldwide; and, (e) a very intelligent and well-balanced personality. What questions would you ask when interviewing applic ants for the job. Sample Questions: 1. How do you think your mechanical engineering degree can help you in your job in pollution control? 2. If I were to ask your reporting staff to comment on your leadership style, your leadership strengths, and your leadership weaknesses, how would they respond? What would this discussion tell me about you as a leader? 3. Suppose a client approached and asked you a difficult technical question that you could not answer. What would you do?

Death of a Salesman A Play by Arthur Miller

Death of a Salesman was written by Arthur Miller in 1949. The play earned him success and a prominent place in theater history. It is a popular production for school, community, and professional theater companies and is considered one of the essential modern plays that everyone should see.​ For decades, students have been studying Death of a Salesman,  exploring various elements of the play, including  the character of Willy Loman,  themes of the play,  and  criticism of the play.  Dramatists Play Service  holds the rights to Death of a Salesman. Act One Setting: New York, the late 1940s Death of a Salesman  begins in the evening. Willy Loman, a salesman in his sixties, returns home from a failed business trip. He explains to his wife, Linda, that he was too distracted to drive and therefore headed home in defeat. (This wont earn him any brownie points with his boss.) Willys thirty-something sons, Happy and Biff, are staying in their old rooms. Happy works as an assistant to the assistant buyer at a retail store, but he dreams of bigger things. Biff was once a high school football star, but he could never embrace Willys concept of success. So he has just been drifting from one manual labor job to the next. Downstairs, Willy talks to himself. He hallucinates; he visualizes happier times from his past. During one of the memories, he recalls an encounter with his long-lost older brother, Ben. An adventurous entrepreneur, Ben declares: When I walked into the jungle, I was seventeen. When I walked out I was twenty-one. And by God, I was rich. Needless to say, Willy is envious of his brothers achievements. Later, when Biff confronts his mother about Willys unstable behavior, Linda explains that Willy has been secretly (and perhaps subconsciously) attempting suicide. Act One ends with the brothers cheering up their father by promising to meet with a big shot businessman, Bill Oliver. They plan to pitch a marketing idea -- a concept that fills Willy with hope for the future. Act Two Willy Loman asks his boss, 36-year-old Howard Wagner, for $40 a week. (Recently, Willy has not been making zero dollars on his commission-only salary). Somewhat gently (or, depending on the actors interpretation, perhaps disrespectfully), Howard fires him: Howard: I dont want you to represent us. Ive been meaning to tell you for a long time now.Willy: Howard, are you firing me?Howard: I think you need a good long rest, Willy.Willy: Howard -Howard: And when you feel better, come back, and well see if we can work something out. Willy tells his troubles to his neighbor and friendly rival, Charley. Out of sympathy, he offers Willy a job, but the salesman turns Charley down. Despite this, he still borrows money from Charley -- and has been doing so for quite some time. Meanwhile, Happy and Biff meet at a restaurant, waiting to treat their dad to a steak dinner. Unfortunately, Biff has bad news. Not only did he fail to meet with Bill Oliver, but Biff swiped the mans fountain pen. Apparently, Biff has become a kleptomaniac as a way of rebelling against the cold, corporate world. Willy doesnt want to hear Biffs bad news. His memory drifts back to a tumultuous day: When Biff was a teenager, he discovered that his father was having an affair. Ever since that day, there has been a rift between father and son. Willy wants to find a way for his son to stop hating him. (And hes been considering killing himself just so Biff could do something great with the insurance money.) At home, Biff and Willy shout, shove, and argue. Finally, Biff bursts into tears and kisses his father. Willy is deeply touched, realizing that his son still loves him. Yet, after everyone goes to bed, Willy speeds away in the family car. The playwright explains that the music crashes down in a frenzy of sound symbolizing the car crash and Willys successful suicide. The Requiem This short scene in Death of a Salesman takes place at Willy Lomans grave. Linda wonders why more people didnt attend his funeral. Biff decides that his father had the wrong dream. Happy is still intent on pursuing Willys quest: He had a good dream. Its the only dream you can have -- to come out number-one man. Linda sits on the ground and laments the loss of her husband. She says: Why did you do it? I search and search and search, and I cant understand it, Willy. I made the last payment on the house today. Today, dear. And theyll be nobody home. Biff helps her to her feet, and they leave the grave of Willy Loman.

Ivilizations of the Americas Mayan, Aztec, and Incan...

â€Å"The engineers showed great cleverness and skill in supplying water for the crops, since only scattered sections of the land could grow corn. For this reason, they endeavored to increase its fertility as much as possible.† This was a quote from Garciasco de la Vega, a son of a Spanish explorer and an Incan princess, which described a method of farming in the Incan empire in 1539. The three most advanced civilizations were the Mayans, the Aztecs, and the Incas. All three civilizations made major accomplishments, all being added upon and used by other civilizations. For example, the Mayans had created a calendar with three hundred sixty-five and a quarter days. The Incas had created terrace farming to create better and a larger amount of†¦show more content†¦Terrace farming was needed to provide flat land to plant on and expose the fertile soil in the mountain (O.I). Along with producing more farmland, the Incas used fertilizer to produce more crops (O.I). The Azte cs, Mayans, and Incas had made multiple major accomplishments that have impacted our world today. For example, the Mayans had created a calendar containing three-hundred sixty-five and a quarter days and became one of the most accurate calendars of the known world. The Incas had accomplished creating irrigation systems that are being studied and used today. Another prime example is how the Aztecs had the largest city of the known world, which was home to over 150,000 people with a variety of highly organized markets. How was it that these three civilizations came to contribute so many accomplishments without any influence from other civilizations such as the European, Roman, and

John Locke And His Ideas Of Rebellion During The English...

John Locke was an English writer, and his writings were based on the events that took place during the Glorious Revolution in England in 1689, when the people of England overthrew King James II. John Locke was interestingly enough, brought up in a loyalist and Evangelical family. He was born to a very wealthy family, and received much prestige in Oxford for his connections to the higher ups. Locke presented his ideas of rebellion during the English civil war which took place in the mid-1600s, in favor of the revolts against the King’s rule in England at the time. John Locke graduated with a degree in medicine from Oxford University. He spent his entire life living in England until he was exiled to Holland, after the English government found his writings on the freedom from religion to be defiant of the king’s authority. The main idea that Locke was trying to establish was that rebellions against tyrannical governments should be viewed in a respected eye from the rest of the world. He used the â€Å"Treatises of Government† to differentiate the rule of a civil government and an uncivil government. Without the influence of a rebellious Englishman there may never have been the United States of America. Some of the founding fathers have been firm believers in the ideas posed in John Locke’s â€Å"Second Treatise of Government†. The one idea that can be seen quite clearly is the complete dissenting stance taken by Locke on the thought of monarchy in civil government. â€Å"Absolute monarchy,Show MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes And John Locke1426 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical philosophers in Europe --Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. England was in constant unrest, choosing new forms of government almost on a whim in desperate attempts to restore order in the Country. The English Civil War in 1642 etched a legacy of dread in the people of England, and the war only appeared more disastrous and fruitless when it became apparent the new Puritanical regime was just as irresponsible as the previous regime by Charles I and his predecessor James I. Therefore, when the GloriousRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By John Locke1294 Words   |  6 Pagesand to provide new Guards for their future security. – The Declaration of Independence John Locke, perhaps the greatest single influence on early American political thought, studied and articulated truths that had been simply assumed. His experiences during the English Civil War and efforts to bring about the Glorious Revolution led him to search for ways to legitimize resistance to an overbearing king. His final argument, the Second Treatise of Government, clarifies British constitutional lawsRead MoreAnalysis and Historical Context from Second Treatise of Civil Government by John Locke1152 Words   |  5 PagesCOMMENTARY OF ‘SECOND TREATISE OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT’: The previous fragment we’ve read belongs to the work of John Locke, ‘Second Treatise of Civil Government’, who published it anonymously in 1689. It is a work of political philosophy, in which Locke talks about civil society, natural rights and separation of powers. Locke was one of the first empirical philosophers and he believed that the human being was born with no knowledge, and that experience and observation were the base of all human wisdomRead MoreJohn Locke : The Most Influential Philosophical And Political Thinker917 Words   |  4 PagesThe Key to Locke John Locke â€Å"proved to be the most influential philosophical and political thinker of the seventeenth century† (Kagen 213). 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The Declaration of Independence called for the colonists to have theRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution3055 Words   |  13 PagesWhen the American Revolution first broke out, many countries did not give the colonies more than a passing thought; most assumed that this rebellion would qu ickly be quelled by the world renowned British army and the colonies would once again be under their control. However, under the leadership of military officers and the guidance of laws and proclamations set forth by the Founding Fathers, America succeeded in their revolution against the control of Britain. Textbooks and teachers have praisedRead MoreCritically Examine Hobbess Conception of the State of Nature1655 Words   |  7 Pagesof state of nature was developed by Hobbes in his famous work, Leviathan, in which he also set out his doctrine of the foundation of states and legitimate governments which was based on his social contract theories. Leviathan was written during the English Civil War, so much of his theory concentrates on the need for the presence of a strong central authority within society in order to avoid the evils of rebellion and civil war. Hobbes developed his state of nature by contemplating what life wouldRead MoreAbigail Adams : The American Revolution Essay1 288 Words   |  6 PagesAbigail Adams: Born November 11, 1774 in Weymouth, MA. She’s the wife of John Adams, first lady of the United States, and the son of John Quincy Adams. In particular, she played a huge role in the American Revolution. Abigail Adams served as the Massachusetts Colony General Court who commissioned her, along with a few other women, to talk to ladies in the area who were loyal to the British. This was only the first of her dealings with women s influence in politics. Because she and her husband wereRead MoreWhy The Scottish Referendum Was The Right Of The People?2346 Words   |  10 Pagesempires of the Greeks and Roman colonizing the Mediterranean region during the classical period, to the colonization of the Americas, Africa and Asia by England, France, Spain and Portugal, to the Soviet Union, colonization has been a theme throughout history. In some cases, those being colonized have benefitted from the protection and resources of their powerful col onizer but in many cases it has led to suffering and despair. As John Locke once said, â€Å"Revolt is the right of the people.† Revolt can comeRead MoreThe Magna Carta, English Bill Of Rights, And Philosophers1459 Words   |  6 Pagesabout our past and how we came to be in the world we live in today. History can help you learn about our ancestor’s origins and cultures. In English Political Heritage there were many important events, but the influence of the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, and Philosophers were the most important. The Magna Carta was signed in 1215 by King John of England. The Magna Carta limited the power of the king, meaning he was no longer above the law and had to follow the law. The citizens also

Shallow free essay sample

Students will appreciate the multi-disciplinary nature of societal issues such as technology, communication, the internet. Students will explore the scientific, social, economic, political and artistic nature of technology-related challenges facing society. Finally, students will continue to take charge of your own liberal arts education. This course requires a significant amount of self-discipline and independent motivation. To get the most out Of this course, students must UT their own best effort into the course.The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think?rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with the thoughts of other men. Dewey John We should never lose our zest for living, our excitement and enthusiasm, our curiosity, our desire to know. The person who does is certainly blind to the world, its miracles and possibilities, and ones own possibilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Shallow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Earl Nightingale Academic Integrity Policy Students of the university must conduct themselves in accordance with the shiest standards of academic honesty and integrity.Failure to maintain academic integrity will not be tolerated. The following definitions are provided for understanding and clarity. Definitions of Plagiarism, Cheating and Academic Dishonesty Student plagiarism is the deliberate presentation of the writing or thinking of another as the students own. In written or oral work a student may make fair use of quotations, ideas, images, etc. , that appear in others work only if the student gives appropriate credit to the original authors, thinkers, owners or creators of that work. This includes material found on the internet and in electronic databases.Cheating entails the use of unauthorized or prohibited aid in accomplishing assigned academic tasks. Obtaining unauthorized help on examinations, using prohibited notes on closed-note examinations, and depending on others for writing of essays or the creation of other assigned work are all forms of cheating. Academic dishonesty may also include other acts intended to misrepresent the authorship of academic work. Deliberate acts threatening the integrity of library materials or the smooth operation of laboratories are among possible acts of academic dishonesty.Sanctions for Violations of Academic Integrity If an instructor determines that a student has violated the academic integrity policy, the instructor may choose to impose a sanction, ranging from refusal to accept a w ork product to a grade F for the assignment to a grade F for the course. When a sanction has been imposed, the instructor will inform the student in writing. The instructor must also inform the student that she/he has the right to appeal this sanction, and refer the student to the Academic Appeals Process described in the Bulletin of the Rosary College of Arts and Sciences.The instructor will send a copy of this letter to the Dean of the Rosary College of Arts and Sciences. The Dean will note whether a student has committed multiple violations of the academic integrity policy over time, and in such cases the Dean may institute a process leading to possible further sanctions, including suspension or expulsion from the university Mutual Respect in the Discussion Forums An atmosphere of mutual respect and courtesy will be maintained in the discussion forums. The teacher and students will respond politely and civilly to any opinions expresses by any member of the class.

Sedimentary Rocks Essays (181 words) - Petrology, Stratigraphy

Sedimentary Rocks 1)a. The first stated that sedimentary rocks are laid down in a horizontal manner, and the second stated that younger rock units were deposited on top of older rock units. b. The idea that natural geologic processes were uniform in frequency and magnitude throughout time, an idea known as the principle of uniformitarianism. c. In 1815 Smith produced a geologic map of England in which he successfully demonstrated the validity of the principle of faunal succession. This principle simply stated that fossils are found in rocks in a very definite order. This principle led others that followed to use fossils to define increments within a relative time scale. 2) 3) a. 540 the oldest animal fossils 1700 approximate origin of Eukaryotes 2000 transition oxygen atmosphere 3600 oldest known fossil 3700 oldest known rocks b. The time that humans have been on the earth would be erased. 4) a. 4.5 to 3.8 billion years ago b. The Earth and other planets would have been molten at the beginning of their histories. Solidification of the molten material into rocks happened as the Earth cooled. Philosophy